INTRODUCTION:

In today’s global era of business and information systems, Management Information Systems as well as Quality Management System have strategic goals in business management¹. The rapid advancement of technology in the field of information has led to significant changes in the structure of society, nation, and state. In this context, the role and function of data and information management implemented by hospitals are required to adapt and undergo various changes and helped to provide more fast and accurate management data^2,3.

The use of information technology has now become a necessity and a demand for all public service providers. E-Hospital Management Systems provide the benefits of streamlined operations, enhanced administration and control, superior patient care, strict cost control and improved profitability⁴. Information or any feedback becomes an important source for quality improvemen⁴. Hospitals, as institutions that deliver public services and serve the community, are no exception and must ensure proper management of their information systems⁵. Information technology serves as a critical tool and plays a significant role in improving the quality and standards of services. The importance of information systems in hospitals is reinforced by the enactment of Law Number 44 of 2009, where Article 52, Paragraph 1 states that every hospital is obligated to record and report all operational activities in the form of a hospital management information system (HMIS). Consequently, every hospital is required to implement an HMIS using open-source applications provided by the government or applications developed by the hospital itself, as regulated in the Ministry of Health Regulation No. 82 of 2013 concerning HMIS. Hospital X, located in Manado City, is one of the hospitals that has implemented a Management Information System in its operations. According to the IT Operator, Hospital X currently utilizes SIMKES Khanza to process and integrate the entire workflow of its services.

However, based on information obtained from the staff of the Pharmacy Department, there are still issues with the implementation of the Management Information System in the Pharmacy Department. The most frequent issue encountered during the use of the system is internet connectivity disruptions. Since SIMKES Khanza is an internet-based application, these challenges can impact the quality of patient services in the pharmacy department. One evaluation method developed by Yusof et al⁷ is the HOT-Fit Model, which assesses the system holistically by considering the critical components of information systems—Human, Organization, and Technology—as key factors determining the success of system implementation⁸.

According to previous research conducted by Dewi et al⁹, the independent variables Human and Technology were found to have a partial influence on Benefits, while the Organization variable showed no significant effect. In contrast, a study by Supriyono et al⁶ revealed that the Organization variable had a partial influence on Benefits, whereas the Human and Technology variables did not. To date, no evaluation using the HOT-Fit Model has been conducted on the implementation of HMIS in Hospital X. Such evaluation is essential to assess the benefits of HMIS implementation, particularly the Pharmacy Information System, and to identify the factors that facilitate or hinder its use. This has prompted the researcher to conduct a study on the use of the Pharmacy Information System in Hospital X using the HOT-Fit Model.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Time and Location of the Study:

This study was conducted from August to September 2023 in the Pharmacy Department of Hospital X.

Type of Study:

This is a quantitative research study with a cross-sectional design, utilizing a survey based on the Human, Organization, Technology-Fit framework.

Research Instruments:

1. Questionnaire:

The questionnaire consists of a set of structured questions aimed at all employees in the Pharmacy Department of Hospital X who have access to the use of the Pharmacy Information System (SIM Farmasi). The questionnaire employs a 4-point Likert scale with the following options: Strongly Disagree (STS), Disagree (TS), Agree (S), Strongly Agree (SS). This scale is used to measure and assess the perceptions or opinions of individuals regarding the observed issues⁸.

2. Interviews:

The interview guide is used to assist the researcher in asking questions in accordance with the research objectives.

Population and Sample:

The population for this study includes all SIMRS users in the Pharmacy Department of Hospital X, totaling 13 respondents, along with one IT Operator. Sampling for this study is conducted using Non-Probability Sampling with total sampling, where the sample size is equal to the population size. This technique is chosen because when the total population is small (less than 30 people), the entire population can be used as the sample⁹.

Data Collection:

This study uses primary data as the data source, which is obtained through the distribution of questionnaires and direct interviews with respondents in the Pharmacy Department of Hospital X.

Data Analysis:

1. Validity Test:

The validity test is used to measure the accuracy of the instrument. The instrument is considered valid if the calculated R value is greater than the table R value, with a significance level of 5% (0.05).

2. Reliability Test:

The reliability test measures the consistency of the instrument, using Cronbach's Alpha analysis.

3. Normality Test:

After validity and reliability are confirmed, the normality test is conducted to assess if the data distribution is normal.

4. Respondent Answer Distribution:

Respondent answers are summarized and analyzed using percentage calculations with the formula:

P = (F/N) × 100%

Where:

P = Answer percentage

F = Frequency of answers

N = Total number of respondents

5. T-Test:

Data is processed using a T-test in SPSS to determine whether independent variables have a significant partial effect on the dependent variable.

RESULT:

Validity Test:

The validity test results show that all variables (X1: Human, X2: Organization, X3: Technology, and Y: Benefit) have a calculated R value greater than the R table value (0.552), indicating that all questionnaire items are valid and can be used for further analysis.

Reliability Test:

The reliability test results show a Cronbach's Alpha value greater than 0.60(0.920), meaning that all questionnaire items are reliable and suitable for use as measurement tools.

Normality Test:

The normality test results show a significance value greater than 0.05(0.200), indicating that the residual data is normally distributed.

Respondent Answer Distribution:

From the questionnaire results for 8 respondents, most agreed with the items related to the variables of Human, Organization, Technology, and Benefit. However, some indicators were rated poorly by the respondents, such as user satisfaction and the use of the system to reduce operational costs.

T-Test:

X1 (Human) to Y (Benefit): The significance value of 0.003 and a t-value of 4.106 > t-table value of 2.262, indicating that the Human variable has a significant effect on Benefit.

X2 (Organization) to Y (Benefit): The significance value of 0.049 and a t-value of 2.278 > t-table value of 2.262, indicating that the Organization variable has a significant effect on Benefit.

X3 (Technology) to Y (Benefit): The significance value of 0.005 and a t-value of 3.692 > t-table value of 2.262, indicating that the Technology variable has a significant effect on Benefit.

DISCUSSION:

The results of the study indicate that the Human, Organization, and Technology variables all have a significant effect on the Benefit variable. The Human variable, which refers to the users' ability to operate the system, showed a strong positive influence on the perceived benefits of the system. Respondents generally agreed that the system made their work easier, and they felt confident in using it. This finding is consistent with previous studies, such as Dewi et al⁹, which also highlighted the significant effect of human factors on the net benefits of the Hospital Information System (SIMRS) implementation. Furthermore, the results align with the general understanding that well-trained and competent users can maximize the advantages of technology.

The Organization variable also played a significant role in enhancing the benefits derived from the system. Support from leadership and the organizational infrastructure were crucial in ensuring that the system was effectively implemented. Some respondents highlighted the importance of organizational support for system success, which concurs with research by Supriyono et al¹⁰, who found a significant effect of organizational factors on the benefits of SIMRS use. This demonstrates that a supportive organizational culture and adequate resources are essential for optimizing system usage and achieving the desired benefits.

The Technology variable, which encompasses the system's quality and capabilities, was also found to significantly influence the benefits. Respondents agreed that the system provided relevant and easily understandable information. However, there were some concerns about the accuracy and completeness of the data, particularly regarding real-time access to drug stock availability. Despite these concerns, the overall perception was that the system added value to the work process, a finding that aligns with the research of Hasanah et al¹³, which emphasizes the role of technology in improving system outcomes. These results highlight the importance of continuous system improvements to ensure data accuracy and relevance, which are crucial for achieving maximum benefit.

In terms of the system's information quality, the majority of respondents agreed that the system provided relevant, understandable, and readily available information. However, there were some shortcomings noted, particularly in terms of data accuracy and completeness, which impacted users' ability to track real-time stock levels. This issue suggests a need for further enhancements in system features, such as integrating real-time inventory updates. Regarding system quality, the results showed that the system was perceived as user-friendly, with clear user access rights and minimal errors. Respondents felt confident in their ability to use the system securely, with each user having individualized access credentials. Overall, while the system was well-received, there remain areas for improvement, particularly in data accuracy and real-time functionality.

CONCLUSION:

Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that Human, Organization, and Technology have a significant influence on the Benefit of the Hospital Information Management System usage at Hospital X.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST:

The authors have no conflicts of interest regarding this investigation.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS:

The researcher would like to express gratitude to all the teams involved in data collection and to the LPPM Universitas Sam Ratulangi for providing financial support for this research.

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Received on 29.01.2025 Revised on 24.07.2025

Accepted on 05.12.2025 Published on 15.04.2026

Available online from April 18, 2026

Asian J. Pharm. Res. 2026; 16(2):111-114.

DOI: 10.52711/2231-5691.2026.00016

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